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Key problems and solutions in supercritical CO

Haizhu WANG, Gensheng LI, Bin ZHU, Kamy SEPEHRNOORI, Lujie SHI, Yong ZHENG, Xiaomei SHI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 667-672 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0626-y

摘要： Supercritical CO fracturing is considered to be a new method for efficient exploitation of unconventional reservoirs, such as shale gas, coal bed methane, and tight sand stone gas. Supercritical CO has many special properties including low viscosity, high diffusion coefficient, and lack of surface tension, which brings about great advantages for fracturing. However, these properties also cause several problems, such as difficulty in proppant transportation, high friction loss, and high pump displacement. In this paper, the above problems were analyzed by combining field test with laboratory study and specific solutions to these problems are given. The high frictionloss in the pipeline could be reduced by developing a new drag reducing agent and selecting large-size casing. Besides, for the problem of poor capacity in proppant carrying and sand plug, the methods of adding tackifier into supercritical CO , increasing pump displacement and selecting ultra-low density proppants are proposed. Moreover, for the problem of fast leak-off and high requirement for pump displacement, the displacement can be increased or the pad fluid can be injected into the reservoir. After solving the above three problems, the field test of supercritical CO fracturing can be conducted. The research results can promote the industrialization process of supercritical CO fracturing.

关键词： supercritical CO₂ fracturing friction loss proppant carrying flied test problem

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Dynamic simulation of urban water metabolism under water environmental carrying capacity restrictions

Weihua ZENG,Bo WU,Ying CHAI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 114-128 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0669-6

摘要： A revised concept for urban water metabolism (UWM) is presented in this study to address the inadequacies in current research on UWM and the problems associated with the traditional urban water metabolic process. Feedback loops can be analyzed to increase the water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) of the new urban water metabolism system (UWMS) over that of a traditional UWMS. An analysis of the feedback loops of an UWMS was used to construct a system dynamics (SD) model for the system under a WECC restriction. Water metabolic processes were simulated for different scenarios using the Tongzhou District in Beijing as an example. The results for the newly developed UWM case showed that a water environment of Tongzhou District could support a population of 1.1926 × 10 , an irrigation area of 375.521 km , a livestock of 0.7732 × 10 , and an industrial value added of ¥193.14 × 10 (i.e. about US$28.285× 10 ) in 2020. A sensitivity analysis showed that the WECC could be improved to some extent by constructing new sewage treatment facilities or by expanding the current sewage treatment facilities, using reclaimed water and improving the water circulation system.

关键词： urban water metabolism system (UWMS) system dynamic simulation water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) feedback loops bilateral control

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China Keeps Carrying Forward the Key Special Project of “Air Pollution Causes and Control”

Huan Liu,Kebin He

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0881-7

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Scenario-based assessment and multi-objective optimization of urban development plan with carrying capacity

Yilei Lu, Yunqing Huang, Siyu Zeng, Can Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1200-x

摘要： Impact of urban development on water system is assessed with carrying capacity. Impacts on both water resource quantity and environmental quality are involved. Multi-objective optimization revealing system trade-off facilitate the regulation. Efficiency, scale and structure of urban development are regulated in two stages. A roadmap approaching more sustainable development is provided for the case city. Environmental impact assessments and subsequent regulation measures of urban development plans are critical to human progress toward sustainability, since these plans set the scale and structure targets of future socioeconomic development. A three-step methodology for assessing and optimizing an urban development plan focusing on its impacts on the water system was developed. The methodology first predicted the pressure on the water system caused by implementation of the plan under distinct scenarios, then compared the pressure with the carrying capacity threshold to verify the system status; finally, a multi-objective optimization method was used to propose regulation solutions. The methodology enabled evaluation of the water system carrying state, taking socioeconomic development uncertainties into account, and multiple sets of improvement measures under different decisionmaker preferences were generated. The methodology was applied in the case of Zhoushan city in South-east China. The assessment results showed that overloading problems occurred in 11 out of the 13 zones in Zhoushan, with the potential pressure varying from 1.1 to 18.3 times the carrying capacity. As a basic regulation measure, an environmental efficiency upgrade could relieve the overloading in 4 zones and reduce 9%‒63% of the pressure. The optimization of industrial development showed that the pressure could be controlled under the carrying capacity threshold if the planned scale was reduced by 24% and the industrial structure was transformed. Various regulation schemes including a more suitable scale and structure with necessary efficiency standards are provided for decisionmakers that can help the case city approach a more sustainable development pattern.

关键词： Urban development plan Urban water system Carrying capacity Scenario analysis Multi-objective optimization

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海水养殖容量评估方法及在养殖管理上的应用

张继红,蔺凡,方建光

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第3期页码 85-89 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.03.014

摘要：

随着海水养殖规模的增大，超负荷养殖使得养殖水环境遭到严重破坏，病害加剧，危及养殖产业的可持续发展。亟待加强养殖容量研究，建立科学的适应性管理对策。本文综述了国内外有关海水网箱、贝类、藻类等养殖容量研究进展、存在的问题。指出了容量评估的关键技术，主要包括：生态容量评估的指标体系、养殖生物个体生长数值模型、水动力过程与生态模型的耦合。分析了养殖容量研究在指导养殖密度调整、优化养殖布局、拓展养殖空间以及构建新型养殖模式中的作用。对于未来开展养殖容量研究提出了三点建议：建立养殖水域的容量评估制度、设立近海养殖结构与养殖容量评估的长期监测实验站、设立养殖容量研究和布局与结构调整专项，以建立生态系统水平的养殖管理策略。

关键词：海水养殖容量管理模型

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Construction of lentiviral vector carrying Rab9 gene and its expression in mouse brain

Youguo HAO, Min ZHANG, Jinzhi XU, Bitao BU, Jiajun WEI

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 141-147 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0041-6

摘要： Rab proteins and their effectors facilitate vesicular transport by tethering donor vesicles to their respective target membranes. Rab9 mediates late endosome-to- -Golgi-network trafficking. To explore the possibility of Rab9-related gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, we packed Lentivirus encoding Rab9. The expressing plasmid pCDH1-MCF1-Rab9-EF1-copGFP was constructed by using molecular biological techniques. The Lentivirus encoding Rab9 cDNA was packed by Lifectamine-2000 mediated co-transfection of the plasmid pPACKH1- , pPACKH1- and pVSV- into 293T cells. DNA sequencing proved the successful construction of pCDH1-MCF1-Rab9-EF1-copGFP. After 72 hours, the expression of GFP could be detected in BV-2 cells. Western blotting revealed that the Rab9 gene expression in BALB/c mice brain was up-regulated significantly 4 weeks after injection with Lentivirus encoding Rab9, which evidenced a satisfactory increasing effect of this virus. Administration of Lenti-Rab9 to postnatal day 3 Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) mice reduced motor defects and prevented the weight loss associated with female NPC mice, as well as modulating the death rate of Purkinje neurons. It is concluded that the packaging of Lentivirus encoding Rab9 was successful. Lentivirus encoding Rab9 can increase the expression of Rab9 gene effectively, which might offer a novel means for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Rab9 lentivirus gene therapy gene transfer

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流域水生态承载力理论与优化调控模型方法

彭文启

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第3期页码 33-43

摘要：

流域管理正在从环境及资源的单一要素管理向流域水生态系统综合管理转变，流域水生态承载力是流域水生态系统综合管理的基本理论。针对流域水生态完整性保护管理需求，建立了流域水生态承载力概念模型，提出了流域水生态承载力概念，揭示其“分区、分期”属性和“量、质、序”递进综合约束作用等基本内涵，通过分析其优化调控特性及优化调控关键变量，建立了流域水生态承载力分区耦合概念模型，形成了基于系统动力学方法的流域水生态承载力分区分期耦合模型方法，并以辽河太子河流域为例，进行了实例应用。

关键词：流域水生态承载力优化调控模型

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基于系统动力学仿真模拟评价武汉市水资源承载力

陈威,周铖

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第3期页码 103-107

摘要：

水资源承载力对一个国家或地区的经济增长、社会进步有着至关重要的影响，是水科学与系统科学交叉研究的热点。以武汉市为例，采用系统动力学方法将水资源子系统、经济子系统、社会子系统、生态环境子系统、水污染子系统进行有机结合，建立仿真模型，并用密切值法对所得指标值进行综合分析评价。最终得到了《武汉市国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年总体规划纲要》实施过程中的最佳方案。

关键词：水资源承载力密切值法系统动力学评价

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智模数(IFN)在密码科学中的研究及应用

叶球孙

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第5期页码 51-57

摘要：

为了消除传统的纯数字加密技术(PNCT)保密性的缺陷，即泄密性、期限性和死密性，提出了一种新的基于变进数(VCN)智能特性的PNCT。传统的PNCT生成的准密码数均是恒进数(FCN)，其变化规则(FCR)的单一性、机械性和难记性，造成其保密性缺陷。VCN则是FCN的拓展，是一种新的更为广义概念上的数，但其变化规则(VCR)的复杂性、智能性和灵活性，可以克服FCN的保密性缺陷。

关键词：变进数密码学恒进数人工智能智模数

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Mitigating microbiological risks of potential pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulence

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1682-4

摘要：

● Abundance of MAGs carrying ARG-VF pairs unchanged in rivers after WWTP upgrade.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant upgrade Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) Virulence factors (VFs) Gene co-occurrence Genome-centric analysis

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环境承载力约束下的国家产业发展布局战略研究

郝吉明,王金南,蒋洪强,刘年磊

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第4期页码 20-26 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.004

摘要：

在生态文明建设的时代背景下，科学评价资源环境承载力、开展环境承载力约束下的产业发展布局战略对策研究是一项非常重要的基础性工作。从环境承载力的科学内涵出发，以大气环境容量、水环境容量、水资源承载力评价为基础，结合主体功能区定位，针对全国以及京津冀、西北五省（自治区）等重点区域，提出了环境承载力约束下的全国产业发展、能源产业和重点区域产业布局调控战略对策，以期为产业布局规划提供科学指导，实现产业发展方式转变与环境保护的“双赢”。

关键词：环境承载力产业发展布局战略任务

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Modeling oblique load carrying capacity of batter pile groups using neural network, random forest regression

Tanvi SINGH, Mahesh PAL, V. K. ARORA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 674-685 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0505-3

摘要： M5 model tree, random forest regression (RF) and neural network (NN) based modelling approaches were used to predict oblique load carrying capacity of batter pile groups using 247 laboratory experiments with smooth and rough pile groups. Pile length ( ), angle of oblique load ( ), sand density ( ), number of batter piles ( ), and number of vertical piles ( ) as input and oblique load ( ) as output was used. Results suggest improved performance by RF regression for both pile groups. M5 model tree provides simple linear relation which can be used for the prediction of oblique load for field data also. Model developed using RF regression approach with smooth pile group data was found to be in good agreement for rough piles data. NN based approach was found performing equally well with both smooth and rough piles. Sensitivity analysis using all three modelling approaches suggest angle of oblique load ( ) and number of batter pile ( ) affect the oblique load capacity for both smooth and rough pile groups.

关键词： batter piles oblique load test neural network M5 model tree random forest regression ANOVA

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水资源缺乏地区地表水环境承载现状研究——以京津冀和西北五省（自治区）为例

温胜芳,单保庆,马静,邓伟

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第4期页码 88-96 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.014

摘要：

本研究以主体功能区划作为控制单元进行划分，以水功能区纳污能力作为环境容量基础数据，结合国家环境保护部污染物排放统计数据，分析京津冀和西北五省（自治区）的不同主体功能区的地表水环境容量超载情况。结果显示，在水资源缺乏的京津冀和西北五省（自治区）地区，其重点开发区的氨氮排放入河量均已超出水环境容量，城镇生活污水排放是水环境氨氮容量超载的主要贡献因子。对于农产品主产区和重点生态功能区，京津冀地区水环境的化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮排放量普遍超载，而西北五省（自治区）还有19%~73%的水环境容量剩余。不同主体功能区的环境和产业政策取决于主体功能区的类型和水环境容量的超载情况。

关键词：水资源缺乏区；环境容量；主体功能区；超载程度

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Sustainability of urban drainage management: a perspective on infrastructure resilience and thresholds

Xiong NING, Yi LIU, Jining CHEN, Xin DONG, Wangfeng LI, Bin LIANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 658-668 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0546-8

摘要： Urban wastewater infrastructures have been threatened by natural and socioeconomic disturbances. This study investigates infrastructure resilience against the risks of long-term changes rather than natural disasters. Urban expansion that leads to an increased urban runoff and massive population movements that cause fluctuations in domestic emissions are considered in this study. Pollution permits for water bodies are adopted as constraints on wastewater infrastructures. A land use-based accounting method, combined with a grid-based database, is developed to map domestic discharge and urban runoff to service areas of wastewater treatment plants. The results of a case study on downtown Sanya, the most famous seashore tourist attraction in China, show that the average resilient values of three sub-catchment areas in 2010 were -0.57, 0.10 and 0.27, respectively, a significant spatial variation. The infrastructure in the Sanya River sub-region is the least flexible, and is more likely to fail due to unstable inflows. The resiliencies will increase to 0.59, 1.01 and 0.54, respectively, in 2020, a considerable improvement in robustness. The study suggests that infrastructure resilience needs to be taken into further consideration for urban planning and the related realm of urban governance to foster more robust wastewater management under various risks.

关键词： wastewater infrastructure land use environmental carrying capacity fluctuating population urban runoff

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DX桩单桩沉降的理论计算研究

欧阳义,陈立宏,张德华

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第1期页码 74-79

摘要：

DX桩由于承力盘的存在，改变了桩的荷载传递机理，在提高承载力的同时，沉降变形也显著减小。在桩的现场试验基础上，分析了DX桩与等截面桩的桩顶荷载的分配特性，进而依据Mindlin解和Geddes解求解桩端土的附加应力，编制了相应的程序，计算结果表明在同样的荷载条件下，DX桩的沉降是等截面桩的0.55~0.80倍，并对承力盘的变化引起的DX桩的沉降变化进行了分析。

关键词： DX桩承力盘沉降附加应力